Tube Feeding Prolonging Life - 2291 Words

Abstract This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient with a history Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients’ life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so important. In this paper I will discuss how important the role of the healthcare professional plays in advocating for a patient. To help answer this ethical dilemma several issues will be explored. I will focus on the seven principles of ethics, education, utilitarianism, top-down†¦show more content†¦Doctors often encourage the idea of a PEG or other available routes of feeding tubes. This is suggested when the patient has failed there swallow evaluation or has a history of aspiration pneumonia. According to Vit al et.al. (2006) these reasons are not evidence based and may reveal discrepancies among healthcare professionals and their knowledge of advanced Dementia disease. Vital et. Al. (2006) also suggests that physicians may need improved education with regards to end stage dementia because they apparently lack understanding about the risks and benefits of artificial feeding. Taking this all into debate, development of knowledge is crucial aspect in maintaining and providing good care in an end of life process. Principles of Ethics If a patient has comorbidity such as Alzheimer’s disease, it is important that a healthcare proxy is designated. A healthcare proxy should be appointed when the patient is still has decision making capabilities. This is performed to help make medical decisions for the patient when they are unable to do so themselves. Autonomy refers to an individual’s right to self- rule or governs one’s self (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). Autonomy is refer to the individual right to make his or her own decision regarding their health care needs. This is respected in the health care setting. Without a living will or healthcare proxyShow MoreRelatedThe Bioethics Of Prolonging Life Of The Terminally Ill1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bioethics of Prolonging Life of the Terminal Ill Prolonging life of the terminally ill is a bioethical decision. Bioethics is the study of controversial ethical issues that have come about due to advances in biology, medicine, and technology. Some think it is a simple decision on whether to let the pacemaker run or turn off, while others agree that it is a much harder decision than that. The decision of prolonging life comes with medical, moral, financial and legal obstacles (Butler 2013)Read MoreProlonging Life Of The Terminally Ill1261 Words   |  6 PagesProlonging life of the terminally ill is a bioethical decision. Bioethics is the study of controversial ethical issues that have come about due to advances in biology, medicine, and technology. Some think it is a simple decision on whether to let the pacemaker run or turn off, while others agree that it is a much harder decision than that. The decision of prolonging life comes with medical, moral, financial and legal obstacles (Butler 2013). Making health decisions is a big part of one’s lifeRead MoreLegal And Ethical Concerns Of Nursing Health Care1182 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss the assigned case study, regarding Mrs. Ann, who is seventy-seven years old and she was diagnosed with moderately advance Alzheimer’s disease. Mrs. Ann health has progressively started to decline and she is requiring a feeling tube. Before Mrs. Ann health declined, her wishes were not to be hooked up to a breathing machine, if there are no chances of survival. Mrs. Ann is unable to communicate the wishes of her plan of health care. The decision regarding her plan of health careRead MoreFeeding Tube Refusal Dilemma Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesFeeding Tube Refusal Dilemma A 28 year old female with cerebral palsy and debilitating arthritis is in the hospital for treatment. She is immobile and unable to perform basic tasks on her own. Due to her condition, she is having trouble eating and in order to help, the doctor believes that a feeding tube (PEG tube) should be surgically inserted. When told about the treatment, the patient refuses surgery. She is deemed competent and understands her situation. In this situation, I propose that theRead MoreFeeding Tubes Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions may mean the life or death of a loved one. The decision of whether or not to administer artificial nutrition and hydration as a form of life support is one decision that some people have to make. I feel that tube feedings, while okay for short term use are fine, but they should not be used as a form of long term care because the risks outweigh the benefits of having a feeding tube. A tube feeding is a medical procedure that people can accept or deny. Feeding tubes provide a chemicallyRead MoreThe Is An Umbrella Term For Brain Disorders That Affect Memory, Thinking And Communication908 Words   |  4 Pagesweight loss. To combat the rapid weight loss, tube feeding is used as a common practice. There is legal and ethical controversy regarding the use of artificial methods of feeding. Ethical implications include arguments of withholding or removing tube feedings can be viewed as euthanasia or can it be beneficial to the patient or a burden. Legal implications include if advance directives are not present is it the patient’s wish to be placed on a feeding tube? To prevent legal liability or penalties manyRead MorePharmacological And Medical Technology Advances1510 Words   |  7 Pages Imagine having to make the decision to take a loved one off a ventilator or removing a tube feeding. What would they want? Would they want to live in a nursing home, connected to â€Å"tubes,† possibly without a means to communicate or care for themselves? How would they define â€Å"Quality of Life†? Have you ever discussed with them what their wishes are if they are unable to speak for themselves? Have they discussed it with family or friends? Did they write t heir wished down anywhere? WouldRead MoreEssay on The Terri Schiavo’s Case Analysis1037 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions for himself or herself, their caregivers and those who know them are appointed to make the decisions based on what the patient would have wanted. This is called surrogate decision making. According to the article Terri Schiavo and End-of-Life Decisions â€Å"when surrogate decision makers and caregivers cannot agree upon what that choice would have been, they may turn to the courts to determine either what the now-incapacitated patient would have chosen or who is best suited to choose as theRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or condition† (Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Eut hanasia is one of today’s most controversial health issues with debates on people’s right to die or live. It is a topic that has been debated morally, ethically and legally. It has been described as oneRead MoreAn Ethical Case Study On End Of Life Care2332 Words   |  10 PagesStudy on End of Life Care Before the advancement of medical technology to prolong the lives of patients with lethal conditions, end-of-life care did not involve many discussions of ethics or morals. Even just a hundred years ago, it was common to speak of letting nature run its course. Today, patients and their relatives have many more options to utilize medical devices in hospital intensive care units to prolong life, whether that entails resuscitation, ventilation, or artificial feeding and hydration

A Comparison of EVA and NPV - 3878 Words

Running head: A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA, implementation issues; chronicle the implementation experience of EVA on a real life company). 1 A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV 2 A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA, implementation issues; chronicle the implementation experience of EVA on a real life company). Finance executives are required not only to crunch numbers and generate forecast but to think ‘critically’, not just seeing the numbers but understanding their implications. This is what Melon (1994)†¦show more content†¦EVA a New financial performance metric Figure 1. EVA a New financial performance metric. (Weaver, 2001, p.50) Figure2. Calculation of EVA per year t Figure2. Calculation of EVA per year t. (Baran et al., 2007, p. 670) Notes: Net Operating Assets – NOA According to Baran et al. (2007), â€Å"it is desirable for EVA to be positive or at [the very] least zero; the higher the value of the indicator of EVA the higher the value created [for the company stockholders]† (Baran et al., 2007, p. 673). A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV 5 Defining NPV; its role, application and calculation: Dilon and Owers (1997) states that, â€Å"Net Present Value (NPV) also referred to as the additional market value is generally considered a sound measure of value created† (Dilon Owers, 1997, p. 34). The discounted value of future cash flow (FCFi), expected of a project over its lifetime less the value of the company’s initial capital investment (lo), NPV is considered to be linked to stock prices. Dilon and Owers (1997) argues that, if the acceptance of capital project by a ‘non-regulated’ firm resulted in an increase in stock prices then, if the assumption is made, that the accepted projects were examined using NPV, positive NPV equated to the creation of market value. (Armeanu Lache, 2009, p. 144; Dilon Owers, 1997, p. 34) According to Armeanu and Lache (2009): The NPV criterion is based on the hypothesis of an unsaturated money market, according to which theShow MoreRelatedEva -Economic Value Added10189 Words   |  41 Pages9-206-016 REV: JULY 11, 2006 MIHIR A. DESAI FABRIZIO FERRI Understanding Economic Value Added EVA is based on something we have known for a long time: what we generally call profits, the money left to service equity, is usually not profit at all. Until a business returns a profit that is greater than its cost of capital, it operates at a loss. Never mind that it pays taxes as if it had a genuine profit. The enterprise still returns less to the economy than it devours in resources . . . itRead MoreInvestment Evaluation Methods and Required Rate of Return in Finnish Publicly Listed Companies6531 Words   |  27 PagesLTA 1/04 †¢ P. 9– 2 4 EVA LILJEBLOM AND MIKA VAIHEKOSKI* Investment Evaluation Methods and Required Rate of Return in Finnish Publicly Listed Companies ABSTRACT Financial literature advocates the use of the Net Present Value method for the evaluation of investments. Its key parameter is the required rate of return on equity, which is to be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model or a similar model especially if the company is publicly listed. However, there is ample evidenceRead MoreCapital Budgeting Is An Investment Appraisal Essay2131 Words   |  9 Pagespositive NPV specifies that the projected incomes from the investment surpasses the estimated costs. Typically, in this case, a positive NVP will show a good ROI and if vice versa, will yield in a loss, therefore a project should be accepted with a result of a positive NPV. The Internal Rate of Return compares the firms cost of capital to the rate-of-return that makes the net cash flows from a project equal to the project’s cost (Lowengrub, 2016). The IRR is the interest rate at which the NPV of allRead MoreFinance3830 Words   |  16 Pages The financial ratios do not find out what is wrong, rather these are symptoms guiding you to think and find problematic areas. However, ratios just share numbers and basis for analysis, but not the causation factors, and may not be useful for comparison in firms related to different industries. These ratios can be manipulated, and are dependent on different accounting practices followed by the firms, so can’t be used as basis to compare. 2.2. Discuss the use of sales methods for forecastingRead MoreNet Present Value1958 Words   |  8 Pagesattributed to the nature of a project. Capital inv appraisal of new technologies: Problems, misconceptions and research directions * Specifically, it has been alleged that the traditional appraisal methods of payback, discounted net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) undervalues the long-term benefits; that traditional financial appraisals assume a far too static view of future industrial activity, under-rating the effects and pace of technological change; that there are manyRead MoreThe Financial Management Course Offered At The Benedictine University1860 Words   |  8 Pagesfurther evaluate the success of the course a mid-term and final exam was included in the syllabus (â€Å"Overview Objectives,† n.d.). The first week of the course reiterated how business tools such as Market Value Added (MVA), Economic Value Added (EVA) and the Return on Capital (ROC) provide insight to how a company is actually doing. The first week also introduced the class to the use of financial ratios,† and their use in examining the financial health of a company. Furthermore, the class alsoRead MoreValue Creation and Enhancement: Back to the Future22107 Words   |  89 Pagesinteraction between corporate finance and the other functional areas of the firm, as well as the role that corporate strategy can play in value creation. We then look at two of the most widely used value enhancement strategies, Economic Value Added(EVA) and its numerous imitators, and Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI), and examine their roots in discounted cash flow valuation. We consider how they are used in practice, and the potential limitations with using each approach. 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Enter: new growth opps. Assessing the current position: 1. Weaknesses of financial measures: do not give reliable indicators on whether currentRead MoreMarketing Strategy –Strategic Position Assessment1902 Words   |  8 Pages(+) NPV. 4. Growth: positioned in attractive market where they posses competitive advantage 5. Enter: new growth opps. Assessing the current position: 1. Weaknesses of financial measures: do not give reliable indicators on whether current performance is creating long-term value a. Company-level: most measures fall short in providing an indicator of long-term performance. b. Unit-level: can be even more misleading because they encourage deceptive comparisons across

Social Science for Health and Lifestyle- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSocial Science for Health and Lifestyle. Answer: Explanation of reasons for socio-economic differences The inner city versus the outer suburbs has been the perennial Australian divide. But the lifestyle differences of individuals who are living near the CBDs and those who are located towards the urban fringe has been growing (Balia and Jones, 2008). The host of the international indexes highlights that Australia has excellent liveable suburb. Individuals living in these parts have been diverging in numerous ways (Contoyannis and Jones, 2004). In this research it will explore some reasons as to why there is socio-economic differences in suburb. Arncliffe is the suburb which I resides in and the suburb which I will do the comparison with is Fairfield. The first reason for the socio-economic difference between these two suburb is the on the occupation rate. According to the research the central city of Sydney it has been restricted and there are development of the specialized producer services for example the office, hotel, convention, building apartment, as well as the entertainment cultural facilities (Hulse, Pawson, Reynolds and Herath, 2014). Based on the report on the table 9 Arncliffe suburb has been able to attain a higher professional workers as comparison to Fairfield which has a higher rate of the labourers which has caused a negative consequences to the historical sectoral and dismantled on the spatial redistribution mechanism (Occupation, 2011 Census). Additionally, the higher rate of the labourers has resulted to the lack of the educational qualification particularly to the areas which are away from the CBD. Another reason which could cause the socio-economic difference is the rate of the employment. Based on the research it is evident that Arncliffe has a higher percentage of the workers who work full time and there is a small amount of individuals who are unemployed (Hulse, Pawson, Reynolds and Herath, 2014). Arncliffe is situated in the inner part of Sydney and the suburb provides an easy access to the high level of the job creation. In comparison to Fairfield it is evident that it is located in an area which is far, where the opportunity for the jobs is slightly efficient as a result of the small rate of the creation of jobs, making the rate of unemployment to be high. Another reason of the socio-economic difference is that of the dwelling on the mortgage and rent. According to the census data it highlights that the rent payment for the Arncliffe is much higher than Fairfield that relate to many aspects. The first factor to the high rent rate has been associated to the issue of location. Arncliffe is located in the inner parts of the Sydney where the jobs are paid better and the rate of population is higher. When compared to Fairfield it has been located away from the CBD. The next reason for the socio-economic difference is cultural and the language diversity. Based on the census, Arncliffe a higher percentage of 51.8% against that of Fairfield which is 32.7%. According to social scientist they have suggested that the cultural diversity in a nation could lead to the societal instability (McKenzie, Pizzica, Gosper, Malfroy and Ashford-Rowe, 2014). The cultural diversity and the language could be said to result to the outcome which can less likely be defined in terms of the social aspects. The benefits of the aspects are disrupted by the aspect of discrimination and the racism, which has been a challenge to the social cohesion particularly in the Australian society. References Balia, S. and Jones, A.M., 2008. Mortality, lifestyle and socio-economic status. Journal of health economics, 27(1), pp.1-26. Contoyannis, P. and Jones, A.M., 2004. Socio-economic status, health and lifestyle. Journal of health economics, 23(5), pp.965-995. Hulse, K., Pawson, H., Reynolds, M. and Herath, S.K., 2014. Disadvantaged places in urban Australia: analysing socio-economic diversity and housing market performance. McKenzie, J., Pizzica, J., Gosper, M., Malfroy, J. and Ashford-Rowe, K., 2014. Socio-economic status and students experiences of technologies: Is there a digital divide?. ASCILITE2014.